社区动脉粥样硬化风险研究的进展和展望

社区动脉粥样硬化风险（ARIC）研究是1987年由美国心、肺和血液研究所资助的关注非洲裔美国人心血管健康的最大研究。旨在调查心脏病的危险因素以及心血管疾病与认知之间的联系。ARIC研究的许多发现加深了对动脉粥样硬化性心血管病病因的了解,在心血管病预防领域做出了重大贡献,证明了以人群为基础的研究对改善健康和预防疾病的重要性。主要概述ARIC研究的起源、目的、研究设计、对心血管医学的贡献以及未来的发展方向。     

Pan-cancer proteomic map of 949 human cell lines

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以患者为中心的护理模式在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用及对患者应激反应的影响

目的 探讨以患者为中心的护理模式在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用效果及对患者应激反应的影响。方法 选取2019年3月至2021年3月于我院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的64例患者,按照入组单双顺序平均分为观察组(以患者为中心的护理模式)与对照组(常规急诊护理)各32例。比较两组的生理应激反应、心理应激反应和术后恢复情况。结果 干预后,观察组的胰岛素、皮质醇水平及HAMA、 HAMD评分低于对照组,肾上腺素水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的VAS评分低于对照组,肛门排气及下床活动时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 以患者为中心的护理模式可减轻急诊胆囊切除术患者的生理及心理应激反应,促进患者术后康复。     

刺槐素通过调控TLR4通路对干眼症大鼠的保护作用及其机制研究＊

目的 研究刺槐素对干眼症（DED）大鼠的保护作用及可能的分子机制。方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为空白组（不做处理）；模型组；0.1% SH组；刺槐素0.1%、0.25%、0.5%组。每组10只，除正常组外，每日4次皮下注射12.5 mg/天氢溴酸东莨菪碱（SCOP），共7天。所有的药物均为在眼球表面局部给药，每只眼睛20 μL，每天4次。通过泪液分泌实验检测各组大鼠泪液分泌情况，通过角膜荧光染色检测各组大鼠角膜表面缺损情况，过碘酸雪夫试剂（PAS）染色观察结膜杯状细胞数量，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测各组大鼠角膜组织中炎症反应和氧化应激相关指标含量。免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测各组大鼠角膜组织中Toll样受体4（TLR4）通路相关蛋白TLR4、髓样分化因子88（MyD88）、核因子κB p65（NF-κB p65）、Pyrin域蛋白3（NLRP3）蛋白表达。结果 与正常组相比，模型组大鼠泪液分泌量、结膜杯状细胞数量明显减少，角膜荧光素染色评分显著升高，但角膜新血管生成评分减少，同时角膜组织中白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、IL-10、丙二醛（MDA）水平上调，而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）含量则下调，TLR4、MyD88、NLRP3、p-NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量均升高（P<0.05）；与模型组相比，经刺槐素0.25%、0.5%组治疗后，大鼠泪液分泌量、结膜杯状细胞数量明显增加，角膜荧光素染色评分显著降低，角膜新血管生成评分显著增加，同时角膜组织中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-10、MDA水平下调，而SOD和GSH-Px含量则上调（P<0.05），尤其是刺槐素0.5%组上述指标变化更明显，而且角膜组织中TLR4、MyD88、NLRP3、p-NF-κB p65蛋白相对表达量较模型组显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 刺槐素对干眼症大鼠具有保护作用，其保护机制与抑制干眼症大鼠的氧化应激反应、炎症反应和TLR4/MyD88/NLRP3通路活性有关。     

Methodological advances in the design of peptide-based vaccines

The tremendous advances in genomics, recombinant DNA technology, bioengineering and nanotechnology, in conjunction with the development of high-end computations, have been instrumental in the process of rational design of peptide-based vaccines. The use of peptide vaccines was limited owing to their inherent instability when systemically administered; however, advanced formulation techniques have been developed for their systemic delivery, thereby overcoming their degradation, clearance, cellular uptake and off-target effects. With the rise of sophisticated immunological predictors and experimental techniques, several methodological advances have occurred in this field. This review examines contemporary methods to identify and optimize epitopes, engineer their immunogenic properties and develop their safe and efficient delivery into the host.     

Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir en pacientes mexicanos con hepatitis C: una revisión retrospectiva

IntroductionThe sofosbuvir-velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) combination is a direct-acting antiviral therapy that is authorized and available in Mexico, making the performance of a real-world multicenter study that evaluates the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post-treatment a relevant undertaking.MethodsA retrospective review of the case records of 241 patients seen at 20 hospitals in Mexico was conducted to assess hepatitis C treatment with the SOF/VEL combination (n = 231) and the sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/ribavirin (SOF/VEL/RBV) combination (n = 10). The primary efficacy endpoint was the percentage of patients that achieved SVR at 12 weeks after the end of treatment.ResultsOverall SVR was 98.8% (95% CI 97.35-100%). Only three patients did not achieve SVR, two of whom had cirrhosis and a history of previous treatment with peg-IFN. Of the subgroups analyzed, all the patients with HIV coinfection, three patients with genotype 3, and the patients treated with the SOF/VEL/RBV combination achieved SVR. The subgroups with the lower success rates were patients that were treatment-experienced (96.8%) and patients with F1 fibrosis (95.5%). The most frequent adverse events were fatigue, headache, and insomnia. No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionTreatments with SOF/VEL and SOF/VEL/RBV were highly safe and effective, results coinciding with those of other international real-world studies.     

PHLPPs: Emerging players in metabolic disorders

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RNA相关的低剂量辐射响应标志物

电离辐射会对人体造成损伤,根据受照剂量、时间等因素的不同可诱发多种生物效应。目前对于低剂量辐射产生的健康效应仍有争议,筛选对低剂量敏感的辐射响应生物标志物,对于完善低剂量辐射生物效应机制、拓宽低剂量辐射在临床中的应用均具有重要理论意义。综述探讨各核糖核酸(RNA)在低剂量辐射反应中的变化及其对辐射敏感性的调节作用,同时评估各RNA作为低剂量辐射响应标志物的潜力。